What is difference between AC and DC Resistance of a conductor?
AC resistance is higher than DC resistance due to skin and proximity effects. While DC current uses the full conductor cross-section, AC current flows near
Electrical
Harmonics Mitigation Techniques
This guide explains effective harmonics mitigation techniques—including equipment selection, tuned and de-tuned filters, and active filters—to reduce distortion, improve reliability, and ensure compliance with power
Why LV Winding Is Placed Next To The Core?
In a transformer, the LV (Low Voltage) and HV (High Voltage) windings are arranged strategically for performance and safety. One common design is to place
What is Voltage Unbalance and How to Calculate It?
Voltage unbalance (also called voltage imbalance) refers to the condition in a three-phase system when the voltages across the phases are not equal in magnitude
Neutral Conductor Sizing in 3-Phase Systems with Non-Linear Loads
Non-linear loads like computers and LED lights generate harmonic currents—especially 3rd-order (triplen) harmonics—that accumulate in the neutral wire. If not properly sized, the neutral can
Copper Loss in Transformer – Explanation, Formula & Reduction Methods
The copper loss in the transformer is equal to the I2R loss. The copper loss is very important for the calculation of the transformer efficiency.
Harmonics in Induction Motor – Causes, Problems & Solutions
Harmonics in induction motors adversely affects motor performance, leading to temperature rise and increased losses, decreased torque, and noise problems.In VFD-fed systems, harmonics distort waveforms
Effects of Harmonics on Power Systems and Electrical Equipment
Harmonics in power systems are unwanted frequency components that distort voltage and current waveforms. These harmonics cause numerous problems such as overheating, increased losses, resonance,
True Power Factor: Definition, Formula
What is True Power Factor? The true power factor is the product of the displacement power factor and the distortion power factor. The displacement power
No Load Losses of Transformer – Formula & Core Loss
Transformers, even when not supplying any load, consume power—this is known as no-load loss or core loss. These losses occur as soon as the transformer