Harmonic Filter Selection: Passive, Active & Hybrid Filtering
Harmonic filter selection is essential because all orders of harmonics harm an electrical power system, with the 5th and 7th harmonics being especially damaging to
Transformer Magnetizing Inrush Current
When energizing a power transformer, the transformer draws a magnetizing current. The magnitude of the magnetizing current is several times higher than the rated current
IR Compensation in DC Drive
IR compensation is an essential feature in DC drives and VFD to ensure speed regulation, especially when tachometer feedback is unavailable. The following sections explain
What is difference between AC and DC Resistance of a conductor?
AC resistance is higher than DC resistance due to skin and proximity effects. While DC current uses the full conductor cross-section, AC current flows near
Harmonics Mitigation Techniques
This guide explains effective harmonics mitigation techniques—including equipment selection, tuned and de-tuned filters, and active filters—to reduce distortion, improve reliability, and ensure compliance with power
Why LV Winding Is Placed Next To The Core?
In a transformer, the LV (Low Voltage) and HV (High Voltage) windings are arranged strategically for performance and safety. One common design is to place
What is Voltage Unbalance and How to Calculate It?
Voltage unbalance (also called voltage imbalance) refers to the condition in a three-phase system when the voltages across the phases are not equal in magnitude
Neutral Conductor Sizing in 3-Phase Systems with Non-Linear Loads
Non-linear loads like computers and LED lights generate harmonic currents—especially 3rd-order (triplen) harmonics—that accumulate in the neutral wire. If not properly sized, the neutral can
Copper Loss in Transformer – Explanation, Formula & Reduction Methods
The copper loss in the transformer is equal to the I2R loss. The copper loss is very important for the calculation of the transformer efficiency.
Harmonics in Induction Motor – Causes, Problems & Solutions
Harmonics in induction motors adversely affects motor performance, leading to temperature rise and increased losses, decreased torque, and noise problems.In VFD-fed systems, harmonics distort waveforms